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Cervicitis: definitions, complications, and African care

By narso10
On 2025-08-01
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Cervicitis: definitions, complications, and African care
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1. What is Cervicitis?

Cervicitis refers to the inflammation of the cervix, the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This inflammation can be acute, occurring suddenly and often with intense symptoms, or chronic, developing gradually and persisting for months or even years.

From a clinical standpoint, cervicitis is characterized by redness, swelling, and discharge from the cervix. It is typically caused by infectious agents but can also result from non-infectious factors such as chemical irritants or trauma.

Importantly, cervicitis is not a disease itself but a symptom of underlying problems, particularly infections, which must be addressed to prevent long-term complications.

2. Causes of Cervicitis

2.1 Infectious Causes

Most cases of cervicitis are caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including:

Chlamydia trachomatis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Trichomonas vaginalis

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Mycoplasma genitalium

These pathogens are commonly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact and can often coexist, making diagnosis and treatment more challenging.

2.2 Non-infectious Causes

In some instances, cervicitis may result from:

Allergic reactions to spermicides or latex in condoms

Chemical irritants in vaginal hygiene products

Physical trauma from sexual activity or medical procedures

Radiation therapy or intrauterine devices (IUDs)

Thus, while infections are the predominant cause, cervicitis may occur even in women who are not sexually active.

3. Common Symptoms

Although many women with cervicitis are asymptomatic, others may experience a range of troubling signs, including:

Unusual vaginal discharge, often thick, yellowish or gray

Bleeding between periods or after intercourse

Pain during sex (dyspareunia)

Pelvic pain or pressure

Burning sensation during urination

Due to the nonspecific nature of these symptoms, cervicitis is sometimes confused with other vaginal infections, which highlights the need for proper medical evaluation.

4. Complications of Untreated Cervicitis

If cervicitis is not diagnosed and treated promptly, it may lead to serious health complications, especially in women of childbearing age. These include:

4.1 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Cervicitis can facilitate the spread of infection to the upper reproductive tract, resulting in PID—a severe condition that affects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. PID can cause:

Chronic pelvic pain

Infertility

Ectopic pregnancy

4.2 Increased Risk of HIV Transmission

The inflammation and disruption of the cervical lining make it easier for HIV to enter the bloodstream, increasing susceptibility to HIV and other STIs.

4.3 Pregnancy Complications

In pregnant women, cervicitis can contribute to premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, or neonatal infections, particularly if the causative infection is passed to the baby during childbirth.

Therefore, the early detection and management of cervicitis are critical for protecting both the woman and her future offspring.

5. Diagnosis

The diagnosis of cervicitis generally involves a combination of:

Pelvic examination to assess the cervix

Laboratory tests such as swabs from the cervix for culture or nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)

Pap smear to detect inflammation or abnormal cells

Screening for STIs, including HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia

In African settings, however, access to laboratory services may be limited, making syndromic management more common, though less precise.

What is sinusitis?

By narso10
On 2025-07-29
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Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, the bony cavities of the face and skull. Sinusitis can be acute, recurrent, or chronic. Most often, sinusitis is an acute complication of rhinopharyngitis or allergic rhinitis, sometimes from dental abscesses. The medications prescribed for sinusitis are tailored to the cause and severity of the symptoms.
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What is called a sinus?

Sinuses are cavities present in the bones of the face and skull. Lined with a mucus membrane, like the nasal passages, these cavities come in four pairs symmetrically located on either side of the face. We distinguish between the frontal sinuses (under the forehead), maxillary sinuses (under the cheekbones), sphenoid sinuses (behind the eyes), or ethmoidal sinuses (between the eyes). All sinuses communicate with the nasal passages.Sinuses develop progressively during childhood. Only the ethmoidal sinuses are present at birth, the maxillary sinuses appear after the age of three to four years, the frontal sinuses between five and ten years, and the sphenoidal sinuses during puberty.

What is sinusitis?

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, the bony cavities of the face and skull. Most often, sinusitis is an acute complication of rhinopharyngitis, or allergic rhinitis, and sometimes dental abscesses. In people who are frequently...

Natural varicocele treatment in senegal

By narso10
On 2025-07-25
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Natural varicocele treatment please to read this article to know more about how cure definitively varicocèle in senegal .
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A varicocele is a condition caused by an abnormal dilation of the veins surrounding the testicles as a result of poor blood circulation in the area. In a healthy state, there are valves in the veins that prevent blood from being trapped in the testicle.However, when these valves stop functioning, the veins become dilated due to the accumulation of blood, which causes testicular dysfunction. This is due to the buildup of harmful substances in the body and an increase in temperature, which reduces sperm production and leads to male infertility.Relatively common among men aged 20 to 30, varicoceles affect 10% of the population. The most common symptoms are pain and swelling, due to increased blood pressure, especially during physical exertion or sporting activities.

Intestinal dysbiosis definitions causes and complications

By narso10
On 2025-07-22
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Intestinal dysbiosis definitions causes and complications

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Definition Dysbiosis

In any healthy individual, the microbial flora, also known as the 'microbiota', is made up of a group of microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live in perfect harmony according to a well-structured system. It corresponds to the entirety of microorganisms that have colonized the body and with which every human being coexists. The composition of the microbiota varies depending on the part of the body concerned. We then differentiate between skin microbiota, vaginal microbiota, urinary microbiota, respiratory microbiota, ENT microbiota, and intestinal microbiota, which is by far the most important with nearly 100 trillion germs.